The Parisian club has now claimed the season-opening cup on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger opened the scoring early on.
Yet, Marseille struck two times late to take a shock advantage. Initially, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the final moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to seal a convincing penalty victory.
The record winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the past 13 years.
